{"id":2364,"date":"2017-08-29T11:15:51","date_gmt":"2017-08-29T02:15:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulatus.jp\/academy\/?p=2364"},"modified":"2019-11-13T12:31:17","modified_gmt":"2019-11-13T03:31:17","slug":"grammatical_gender_influence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crimsonjapan.co.jp\/blog\/grammatical_gender_influence\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u304c\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\uff08\u6027\u533a\u5206\uff09\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\uff08Corbett, 2013<\/a>\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e257\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3046\u3061\u6027\u533a\u5206\u304c\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c145\u3001\u3042\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c112\uff08\u3053\u306e\u3046\u3061\u6027\u533a\u5206\u304c2\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f50\u30013\u3064\u306f26\u30014\u3064\u306f12\u30015\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306f24\uff09\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3002\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5206\u3051\u65b9\u3084\u305d\u306e\u7531\u6765\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u304a\u3088\u305d4\u5272\u306b\u6027\u533a\u5206\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u304b\u3064\u3066\u7537\u5973\uff08\u96cc\u96c4\uff09\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u751f\u304d\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u5bdf\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b8b\u308a\u65b9\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u6027\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u8584\u308c\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u533a\u5206\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u63a2\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25a0\u3000\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5e7c\u5c11\u671f\u304b\u3089<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u533a\u5225\u304c\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304b\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u7591\u554f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30df\u30f3\u30fb\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30d5\uff08Benjamin Lee Whorf\uff09\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u300c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3086\u3048\u306b\u7570\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u8003\u3059\u308b\u300d\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u76f8\u5bfe\u6027\u4eee\u8aac*1\uff09\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3068\u884c\u52d5\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8aac\u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u9577\u5e74\u3001\u9000\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u306a\u304a\u8a00\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u95a2\u5fc3\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff08Guiora, Beit-Hallahmi, Fried, and Yoder, 1982<\/a>\uff09\u3067\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e2\u6b73\u5150\u30683\u6b73\u5150\u306e\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u6027\u81ea\u8a8d\uff09\u306e\u767a\u9054\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6027\u8a8d\u8b58\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u3088\u308a\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6027\u533a\u5206\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e*2\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3086\u3048\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u4e0a\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u3001\u6027\u533a\u5206\u306e\u5f31\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u3088\u308a\u3082\u65e9\u304f\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u6bcd\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u533a\u5206\u3068\u6027\u81ea\u8a8d\u306e\u7372\u5f97\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25a0\u3000\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u306f\u601d\u8003\u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b<\/strong><\/p>\n

2003\u5e74\u306b\u767a\u520a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u7c4d \u201dLanguage in Mind\u201d \u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305fBoroditsky\u3089\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff08Boroditsky, Schmidt, and Phillips, 2002<\/a>\uff09\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u582a\u80fd\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u306b\u300124\u500b\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u7269\uff08\u7121\u751f\u7269\uff09\u3092\u898b\u305b\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306b\u982d\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3093\u30603\u3064\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u7269\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u7537\u6027\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u5973\u6027\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u9006\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u540c\u6570\u305a\u3064\u9078\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5bfe\u8c61\u7269\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u306f\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u601d\u3044\u3064\u304f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306f\u5404\u3005\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u597d\u3093\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u6a4b\u300d\u306f\u7537\u6027\u540d\u8a5e el puente \u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u5973\u6027\u540d\u8a5e die Br\u00fccke \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u6a4b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066 \u300cbig\u3001strong\u3001long\u3001dangerous\u3001sturdy\uff08\u9811\u4e08\uff09\u3001towering\uff08\u9ad8\u3044\uff09\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u306f\u300cbeautiful\u3001elegant\u3001fragile\u3001peaceful\u3001pretty\u3001slender\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u9855\u8457\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6bcd\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u304c\u3001\u7269\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u305f\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25a0\u3000\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u304b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u304b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u533a\u5206\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u6a4b\u3068\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3044\u3057\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6a4b\u3068\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u8868\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u533a\u5206\u306f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u611f\u3058\u65b9\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7591\u554f\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

Boroditsky\u3089\u306f\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u4eca\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u306b\u67b6\u7a7a\u306e Gumbuzi \u8a9e\u3068\u79f0\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u6388\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u4e0a\u306e\u5973\u6027\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u7537\u6027\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5206\u3051\u305f12\u306e\u7121\u751f\u7269\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u898b\u305b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u53e5\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u67b6\u7a7a\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b Gumbuzi \u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u7537\u6027\u7684\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u3076\u50be\u5411\u3092\u898b\u305b\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u5272\u308a\u632f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f8c\u3082\u3001 Boroditsky \u3089\u306f\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u6027\u304c\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u8996\u899a\uff08\u753b\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u91cd\u306d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3084\u8a00\u8449\u3084\u753b\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6ce8\u91c8\uff1a<\/p>\n

*1\u3000\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30d5\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5e2b\u30a8\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30b5\u30d4\u30a2\uff08Edward Sapir\uff09\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6a5f\u8ef8\u3092\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30b5\u30d4\u30a2\uff1d\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30d5\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

*2\u3000\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e2\u533a\u5206\u3067\u4e2d\u6027\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3082\u6027\u306e\u533a\u5206\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

*3\u3000LGBT\uff1a\u30ec\u30ba\u30d3\u30a2\u30f3\uff08Lesbian\uff09\u3001\u30b2\u30a4\uff08Gay\uff09\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\uff08Bisexual\uff09\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\uff08Transgender\uff09\u306e\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff08Guiora, Beit-Hallahmi, Fried, and Yoder, 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